Chemical structure of the dna double strands dna deoxyribonucleic acid is a doublestranded molecule that is twisted into a helix like a spiral staircase. In this section of the notes, we will study the structure of dna at all these levels in detail. Dna determines the kind of cell which is formed, muscle, blood, nerve etc is controlled by dna dna determines the kind of organism which is produced buttercup,giraffe, herring, human etc is controlled by dna dna is often called the blueprint of life because it contains the instructions for making proteins within the cell. Dna structure and function if youre seeing this message, it means were having trouble loading external resources on our website. Dna deoxyribonucleic acid is composed of two polynucleotide strands the polymers of nucleotides, which form what looks like a ladder. The structure of the dna and rna molecule is very important and is often examined. If youre having any problems, or would like to give some feedback, wed love to hear from you. Each unpaired nucleotide will attract a complementary nucleotide from the medium. Early evidence suggesting an rna intermediate between dna and proteins 1. Lecture notes edited by john reif from ppt lectures by. Pdf lecture notes on dna replication and protein synthesis. Read and learn for free about the following article. Dna is a polymer, which means that is made up of many repeating single units monomers.
Dna replication california state university, northridge. The structure of dna is a twisted ladder shape called a double helix. Both have sets of nucleotides that contain genetic information. As per the dna structure, the dna consists of two chains of the polynucleotide, each in the form of a spherical spiral. The nitrogenous bases in dna store the instructions for making polypeptide chains, essentially coding for every feature of the entire organism. Watson and wilkins for the discovery of the molecular structure of dna the double helix. However, importantly, the wide and shallow morphology of the dna major groove is in stark contrast to the narrow and deep structure of the rna major groove. C organization of genes and chromosomes operon, unique and repetitive dna, interrupted genes, gene families, structure of chromatin and chromosomes, heterochromatin, euchromatin, transposons. U2l6 dna structure and function notes phillips academy. Pol iii is the primary replicase enzyme that performs the elongation of the. Dna structure, functions and properties by professordr. This activity includes handson modeling of dna replication. Indeed, there is no one generic structure for dna and rna.
Dna structure, function and replication is further developed by additional analysis and discussion questions and handson modeling of dna replication. Dna genetic information in genes rna copies of genes proteins functional molecules dna structure one monomer unit deoxyribonucleic acid composed of a base, a sugar deoxyribose, and a phosphate. Watson and crick were bubbling at the fact that they had another chance to find out the structure of dna photograph of the double helix was shown to watson by wilkins. Dna, rna, replication, translation, and transcription. Dna was in the nucleus but proteins were made in the cytoplasm 2. Dna structure, functions and properties slideshare. Chromatinremodeling proteins are involved to make dna accessible from the wound histone structure 6. The structure of dna dna deoxyribonucleic acid is composed of two polynucleotide strands the polymers of nucleotides, which form what looks like a ladder. Introduction pictures of the double helix of deoxyribonucleic acid. Full sequence published and researchers determined that within this sequence there was somewhere between 30,000 and 40,000 genes. Recombinant dna technology webnote, pdf, ppt, doc, animation. Watson and crick put it all together to solve the structure of dna in 1953 iv. Nitrogen base adenine a thymine t guanine g cytosine c t a c g nucleotides always pair in the same way.
Dna dna deoxyribonucleic acid dna is the genetic material of all living cells and of many viruses. All of these features were described by watson and crick. Dna structure, function and replication teacher notes. This page, looking at the structure of dna, is the first in a sequence of pages leading on to how dna replicates makes copies of itself, and then to how information stored in dna is used to make protein molecules. When the nucleotide is added to the growing end of dna or rna chains, it misses two phosphate groups so, in the dna or rna molecules, each nucleotide has. Each helix has a series of nucleotides held together with phosphodiester bonds between the oh groups in two adjacent sugar residues. It would be superfluous at a symposium on vi ruses to introduce a paper on the structure of dna with a. Medical college, university of mauritius, mauritius biochemistry for medics.
Dna structure worksheet use your dna structure notes and chapter 17 to answer these questions 1. Dna structure dna is a double helix twisted ladder dna is made of nucleotides 3 nucleotide parts 1. New dna is synthesized by adding one nucleotide at a time. Its a history book a narrative of the journey of our. This science is concerned with the activity of deoxyribonucleic acid dna and how that activity brings about the production of proteins in microbial and other cells. It would be superfluous at a symposium on vi ruses to introduce a paper on the structure of dna with a discussion on its importance to the problem. The discovery of the molecular structure of dna the double helix 2. It takes a very difficult concept protein synthesis and makes it funeasy to learn. To understand how dna stores information and why some dna leads to genetic disorders, scientists needed to learn what it looks like. Dna controls cellular activities, including reproduction. The genetic code is the sequence of bases on one of the strands. Each nucleotide contains a phosphate group, a sugar group and a nitrogen. Chemical structure of the dna double strands dna deoxyribonucleic acid is a doublestranded molecule that.
Find materials for this course in the pages linked along the left. D cell division and cell cycle mitosis and meiosis, their regulation, steps in cell cycle, regulation and control of cell cycle. Notes over the structure of dna, which includes a powerpoint presentation and information about genes and basepairs. It told us that all genes have roughly the same threedimensional form and that the differences. Discuss how watson and crick determined the structure of dna including incorporation of. But why is dna, and not rna, now the dominant biological information store. This lesson will explore the race to find the structure of the dna molecule, the parts of that structure and how they fit together, and how this knowledge has been used to advance mankind. With the 50th aniversary of the discovery of the dna structure by james. Its orientation, width, width between nucleotides, length and number of nucleotides per helical turn is constant. Rna synthesis in the nucleus was exported to the cytoplasm. Dna the building blocks of all life it is a known fact that the raison detre for all living things is to pass on their dna. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext.
Interactive workbook with original and custom drawn diagrams. Rna chemically modified with a methylated guanine at the 5 end and a polya sequence at the 3 end these help the ribosome later ensure that the complete recipe for a protein is there 7. B and t cell epitopes, structure and function of antibody molecules. The helical structure of dna is variable and depends on the sequence as well as the environment. Crick cavendish laboratory, cambridge, england contribution to the discussion of provirus. We argue that, in addition to its coding function, the ability of dna, unlike rna, to adopt a bdna structure confers advantages both for information accessibility and for packaging. The doublehelical structure of dna was first proposed by watson and crick. It appeared in april 1953 in the scientific paper where james watson and francis crick presented the structure of the dnahelix, the molecule. The structure of dna provides the means of storing and expressing genetic. Result two identical dna molecules that are exact copies of the original. Cells use a chemical code called deoxyribonucleic acid or dna dna carries all of the cells instructions dna is located in the nucleus during cell division it wraps around proteins to form chromosomes dna is passed from parents to offspring dnas discovery. U2l6 dna structure and function notes created date. Both ppts are editable and so are the notes so that you can add in more information or take out information to fit your grade level. The two sides of the ladder are made of sugars and phosphate groups.
Dna is a double helix, while rna is a single helix. A, b and zdna helix families david w ussery,danish technical university, lyngby, denmark there are three major families of dna helices. Begins with the unwinding of the double helix to expose the bases in each strand of dna. Adenine is always opposite thymine, and cytosine is always oppostie guanine. Dna structure the knowledge generated during this period helped explain how genes function in microorganisms and gave rise to the science of molecular genetics. The structure of dna was given by james watson and francis crick in 1953, for which he received the nobel prize, basing on the discoveries of. Lecture notes on dna replication and protein synthesis.
Animated power point slides integrated with workbook including answers teachers notes with comprehensive details of lesson plan. Transcription is the synthesis of rna using dna as a template. Clearly, the structures of dna and rna are richer and more intricate than was at. Dna can deviate from the ideal watsoncrick structure. Org web experience team, please use our contact form. January, 2020 by sagar aryal dna structure, properties, types and functions. Dna structure is a free biology lesson available for download. Rna is the genetic material of some viruses and is necessary in all organisms for protein synthesis to occur.
The information encoded by dna is both digital the precise base specifying, for. Rna could have been the original nucleic acid when life first arose on earth some 3. The backbone of the dna molecule is made up of two alternating components, what are. Maurice wilkins and rosalind franklin by xray diffraction method gave the double helical nature of the dna. Mar 02, 2012 dna structure, functions and properties 1.
The watson and crick model of dna structure is now accepted. Maurice wilkins and rosalind franklin by xray diffraction method gave the double helical nature of. Dna and protein synthesis life is a three letter word. Dna stands for deoxyribonucleic acid which is a molecule that contains the instructions an organism needs to develop, live and reproduce. If youre behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains. As we shall see in this chapter, there are in fact vari.
Copying genetic information for transmission to the next generation. Each strand is comprised of a sugarphosphate backbone and numerous base chemicals attached in. Dna structure, properties, types and functions molecular. A gene is a specific sequence of bases which has the information for a particular protein. They used the xray diffraction techniques to find out the threedimensional structure of dna. Introduction to dna structure duke computer science.
Note the difference in groove width and the relative displacements of the base pairs from the central axis. Watson and francis crick and the race for the human genome, with all its controversies. Dna structure and function notes dna structure and replication pogil. The structure of dna of all species comprises two helical chains each coiled round the same axis, and each with a pitch of 34 angstroms 3. For general help, questions, and suggestions, try our dedicated support forums. Dna helix unwinds two strands separate unzip free nucleotides from the cytoplasm enter the nucleus, where they bond to complementary bases on the dna strands. While we strive to provide the most comprehensive notes for as many high school textbooks as possible, there are certainly going. Dna, rna, replication, translation, and transcription overview recall the central dogma of biology. Early evidence suggesting an rna intermediate between dna and proteins.
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